plainest understanding of the words, but Isaiah does use ‘seed’ of the people who will yet enjoy the promises (41:8; 43:5; 45:25; 53:10; 59:21; 65:9, 23; 66:22), and the ‘holy seed’ could therefore be the remnant, called holy and ‘written unto life’ (4:3) in the Zion that was yet to be (cf. Heb. 12:22).4 The matching fourfold addresses to Judah and Israel which begin here (see outline, pp. 76–78) work out the position Isaiah has now reached. Chapter 5 brought
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